<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@vertical+block@b164858359444e4a81696691ecf8371a" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@b5db9eb52c924cc59fa22a0a3bbc5eab">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@b5db9eb52c924cc59fa22a0a3bbc5eab" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p dir="ltr">VR’s specificity is that it can offer a sense of embodiment to the user. </p>
<p dir="ltr">“Embodiment” is the possibility in VR to visually substitute a person’s real body by a life-sized virtual one, seen from the person’s own first-person perspective. In other words, when we place a VR headset on, our virtual bodies at least momentarily substitute our real bodies. When we move, our virtual bodies move, and everything feels the same, even when we see our virtual bodies reflected in virtual mirrors. All of this induces a strong illusion of ownership and agency over the virtual body, which has proved to more broadly influence physiology, behaviour, attitudes and cognition. <br />Carina Rogl: What is Embodiment in Virtual Reality? In <a href="https://www.virtualbodyworks.com/posts/what-is-embodiment-in-virtual-reality" target="_blank">Virtual Bodyworks</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><strong>Embodiment is also the most advanced aspect of VR and it means that we can create experiences that are impossible to replicate in real life</strong>, leveraging illusion to shift perspectives.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Please read the text on how VR can be a suitable tool on promoting diversity.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="https://diversity.futurefilm.education/theory/why-vr-is-suitable-for-diversity-training" target="_blank">https://diversity.futurefilm.education/theory/why-vr-is-suitable-for-diversity-training</a></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@problem+block@7e002c0e9bb74ceb8e4cedc1dca641c8">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@problem+block@7e002c0e9bb74ceb8e4cedc1dca641c8" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True">
<div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Multiple Choice is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@8da79312e7f8411f9fa389e8e6df247b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@8da79312e7f8411f9fa389e8e6df247b" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;" id="docs-internal-guid-ccfcf13c-7fff-5924-f0ad-812cfc02a11f"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">THE STRENGTH OF EMBODIMENT</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As we already mentioned, embodiment is the special sense offered by VR technology through which the user has a stronger sense of presence in the virtual world. But how is this presence manifested? What do we see when feeling present?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Many VR games/VR productions offer a strong sense of embodiment via rendering an avatar that follows/synchronizes the movements of the user in a virtual reality environment with their movements in the physical space. Embodying a specific type of avatar can improve the sense of self-location and body ownership within the virtual world. Many times, the graphically more developed avatars can create the sense of ‘uncanny valley’, which triggers a more alienating effect on the user than a graphically lower fidelity avatar. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Uncanny valley is mainly known in the field of robotics and virtual assistants development. The term was coined in 1970 by professor Masahiro Mori: he described how robots that look almost like humans many times create in the users a feeling of revulsion instead of increased affinity. Nowadays many VR oriented research programs focus on the uncanny valley problematics e.g. training programs. For example </span><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7383334" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">a study</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> found that in a specific training scenario for nurses aimed at helping them to identify the signs of rapid deterioration. (M. Volante </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">et al</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">., "Effects of Virtual Human Appearance Fidelity on Emotion Contagion in Affective Inter-Personal Simulations," in </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1326-1335, 21 April 2016, doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2016.2518158.) The researchers investigated different avatar styles that ranged from realistic to stylized to black and white sketches. The results showed that the stylized and sketches were more effective in demonstrating the signs of rapid deterioration. </span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(listen to more on the Voices of VR podcast: https://voicesofvr.com/217-the-uncanny-valley-effect-in-training-scenarios-with-human-virtual-human-interactions/)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@problem+block@7e02e64bd41944e188e585bece120364">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@problem+block@7e02e64bd41944e188e585bece120364" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True">
<div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Multiple Choice is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function (require) {
require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () {
require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) {
DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime');
});
});
}).call(this, require || RequireJS.require);
</script>
<script>
function emit_event(message) {
parent.postMessage(message, '*');
}
</script>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@vertical+block@86ca357aa606402197ab8cf514d8205a" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@f0e095708a324699a23a5a08648d8677">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@f0e095708a324699a23a5a08648d8677" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Uncanny valley is a phenomenon, that is not only induced by a high quality avatar representation (by various CGI techniques), but also in such cases as e.g. when a mismatch in the human realism of face and voice is created and it produces a strong sense of uncanny valley in the user.</p>
<p><small>(see Wade J Mitchell, Kevin A Szerszen Sr, Amy Shirong Lu, Paul W Schermerhorn, Matthias Scheutz, and Karl F MacDorman. 2011. A mismatch in the human realism of face and voice produces an uncanny valley. i-Perception 2, 1 (2011), 10–12</small></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function (require) {
require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () {
require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) {
DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime');
});
});
}).call(this, require || RequireJS.require);
</script>
<script>
function emit_event(message) {
parent.postMessage(message, '*');
}
</script>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@vertical+block@f1bae386362548da967cb46a16f60425" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@ffe0995fb579481abb941bb59565b33e">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@ffe0995fb579481abb941bb59565b33e" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>According to the <a href="https://diversity.futurefilm.education/theory/why-vr-is-suitable-for-diversity-training" target="_blank">previous text</a> on promoting diversity how can one imagine VR as a suitable tool for promoting diversity?</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@af0c350013f54520be9ae2c742a59c27">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@af0c350013f54520be9ae2c742a59c27" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Do you agree with the text that VR is capable of promoting diversity?<br /><br />If not, please write 2 reasons in the forum why not. Your answers will help us to further develop the text.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@discussion+block@9539c224d138463baca83164bf75bf9f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-discussion" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-block-type="discussion" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@discussion+block@9539c224d138463baca83164bf75bf9f" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Why do you think VR is incapable of promoting diversity? is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@dbff6bd9ce5b482da5b7d408d34b924c">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@dbff6bd9ce5b482da5b7d408d34b924c" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>The text mentions <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2016.00003/full" target="_blank">Madary and Metzinger’s framework</a> on how to use VR ethically in research. They argue that “this can have a manipulative effect on deep behavior, especially if “illusions of embodiment are misused,” and pose general questions in research ethics such as the limitations of the code of conduct for research and the limits of the overall experimental environments.”</p>
<p>What are possible misuses of VR in research according to Madary and Metzinger? Drag the rights answers onto the picture.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@drag-and-drop-v2+block@a7cfed19ccb647deae97bfd71af91fb5">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-drag-and-drop-v2" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-block-type="drag-and-drop-v2" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@drag-and-drop-v2+block@a7cfed19ccb647deae97bfd71af91fb5" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True">
<div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Drag and Drop is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function (require) {
require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () {
require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) {
DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime');
});
});
}).call(this, require || RequireJS.require);
</script>
<script>
function emit_event(message) {
parent.postMessage(message, '*');
}
</script>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@vertical+block@89da31f1b9dc454381e8202566d248d4" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@7776a02929e648dc8a9ffa2c14363a53">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@7776a02929e648dc8a9ffa2c14363a53" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p dir="ltr">Another specific way, how VR can be used to have an effect on the user’s behaviour is caused by the Proteus effect. Both the user and the avatar can have an effect on each other. The phenomenon when the avatar has an effect on its user is called the Proteus effect. Let’s read more about it:</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="ltr"><em>“New techniques allow users to alter their digital self-representations, which can subsequently change the manner in which they perceive themselves (Yee & Bailenson, 2007). Dubbed the ‘Proteus effect,’ this well-researched phenomenon shows that “an individual’s behavior conforms to their digital self-representation independent of how others perceive them” (Yee & Bailenson, 2007, p. 271). Specifically, Yee and Bailenson (2007) found that participants who embodied attractive avatars exhibited more confidence and openness within social interactions compared to those who embodied unattractive avatars, despite the fact that the avatars were randomly assigned. Similarly, participants who embodied short avatars were less confident and more likely to behave submissively in a negotiation for money compared to their tall-avatar counterparts. The perceptual effects of embodying various virtual representations can last well after the immersive experience. When adults embodied a child in virtual reality, they were more likely to identify themselves with child-like characteristics afterwards. In comparison, those who embodied an adult body scaled to the size of a child still identified with adult traits (Banakou, Groten, & Slater, 2013).” (from Ketaki Shriram, Soon Youn Oh, and Jeremy Bailenson Virtual Reality and Prosocial Behaviour,)</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">Now we see, how VR can be used as a possibly effective tool for promoting diversity. It can offer a glimpse or even stronger illusion of being in “the shoe of another person” who possible has a different background or experience than ours.VR can be strong as it also offers a strong sense of embodiment for the users. They can visually experience someone else’s body that can possible have an effect on their own understanding of the other person. Please take a minute and think about the following text. </p>
<p> “More germane to the current context, Slater et al. (2010) found that male participants identified with a female virtual body when they embodied the avatar of a young girl, which led them to react physiologically to perceived threats toward the girl in the virtual environment (Slater et al., 2010). Specifically, male participants who had been given a first (versus third) person perspective of the female avatar exhibited greater heart rate deceleration when they later saw the same avatar being slapped by another female avatar, indicating identification with the avatar, in spite of physical dissimilarities (Slater et al., 2010).”(Ketaki Shriram, Soon Youn Oh, and Jeremy Bailenson Virtual Reality and Prosocial Behaviour)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@5d60a63ce1074fc6af4253a4c376f131">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@html+block@5d60a63ce1074fc6af4253a4c376f131" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Imagine situations when the avatar could enlarge the empathy towards others? What type of avatar would you imagine for what type of person? How would that help when creating sensitizing trainings for workplaces or programs that promote diversity?</p>
<p><strong>Write 2-3 examples with a short explanation in the forum.</strong></p>
<p></p>
<div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -23px; top: 132.05px;">
<div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@discussion+block@4314a3abc6a445c385aeaf795ac60387">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-discussion" data-course-id="course-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00" data-block-type="discussion" data-usage-id="block-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@discussion+block@4314a3abc6a445c385aeaf795ac60387" data-request-token="444d8d24ed9811ee97a9168f2a011375" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Using Avatars for Empathy is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function (require) {
require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () {
require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) {
DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime');
});
});
}).call(this, require || RequireJS.require);
</script>
<script>
function emit_event(message) {
parent.postMessage(message, '*');
}
</script>
</div>