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<p dir="ltr">Although a film’s reading should not be reduced to trying to find a filmmaker’s persona within it, queer filmmakers have played a vital role in advancing the genre of queer cinema. By bringing their own experiences and viewpoints into their films, they helped to create a multi-faceted image of queerness on screen. During the early 1990s, a movement called “new queer cinema” drew critics’ attention to independently produced films such as Todd Haynes’ <em>Poison</em> (1991), Gus Van Sant’s <em>My Own Private Idaho</em> (1991) and Tom Kalin’s <em>Swoon</em> (1992). The makers behind those films were openly homosexual and/or queer rights activists. The term “new queer cinema” was coined by critic B. Ruby Rich in a 1992 Sight & Sound article.</p>
<p dir="ltr">If a queer auteur is behind a film, it is likely to be read as being part of queer cinema, even if it is not focused on homosexual or queer characters. One prominent example is openly gay filmmaker Pedro Almodovar, who often incorporates elements of LGTBQI+ and underground culture into his movies. Almodovar is also known for his portrayals of female desires and issues in films such as <em>Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown</em> (1988) or <em>Volver</em> (2006); due to his authorship, critics often find a queer sensibility even in those of his films that do not feature queer characters.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Queer actors and actresses also often invite a queer reading of the movies they star in, even if the characters in question are not queer. Examples include Marlene Dietrich, Rupert Everett, Kristen Stewart, Neil Patrick Harris, Jodie Foster and Luke Evans. Some cases are complicated, such as Rock Hudson, who “stayed in the closet” throughout his career and did everything to keep his homosexuality out of the press, although it was an open secret in Hollywood. Some audiences might have been oblivious to the queer readings of his roles at the time when his movies were released, but in hindsight such a reading can still be applied.</p>
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LusofonaX:
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Diversity in Film & Media
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Diversity in Film & Media