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<p dir="ltr">The term “queer” originated in the Scottish language and meant “strange”, “odd”, “peculiar” or “eccentric”. It is related to the German term “quer”, which has a similar meaning (“strange”, “tilted”, “weird”). Later on, “queer” was used as a pejorative term for non-heterosexual forms of feelings and (intimate) relationships. During the late 1980s, activists began to reclaim the term “queer”. This also functioned as an intended provocation and as a means to set them apart from those parts of the LGBTQI+ community that they perceived as too assimilated into mainstream society. Terms such as “gay” or “lesbian” were regarded as too exclusive by the activists, while “queer” was meant to include all forms of desire and sexuality that depart from conventional heterosexuality.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Influenced by poststructuralism, especially Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s <em>Between Men</em> (1985) and the works of Judith Butler, a field of queer theory/queer studies emerged. As Annamarie Jagose points out in her book <em>Queer Theory. An Introduction</em> (1996), this was the subject of much debate and lead to conflicts between gay/lesbian activists and queer activists. As queer is rather defined by what it is not (as Jagose puts it: “queer is not an identity, it is a critique of identity”), gay and lesbian activists saw the danger of eroding the gay and lesbian identities they had long fought for. The openness of the concept of “queer” as an umbrella term for non-normative sexualities also lead to fears among activists that things such as pedophilia might be labeled as “queer”, thereby tarnishing its reputation. Nowadays, while “queer” is still resisting clear definitions and is sometimes simply used as a synonym for “gay and lesbian” or “LGBTQI+”, it has not adopted the negative implications feared during the inception of the concept of queerness.</p>
<p dir="ltr">While queerness is a fluid and not easily defined system, queer cinema is recognised as a film genre, generally denoting films that deal with non-heterosexual and/or non-cisgender characters and/or relationships. Cisgender means a person whose gender corresponds to the gender they were assigned at birth.</p>
<p dir="ltr">However, there are multiple ways of defining queer film.</p>
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LusofonaX:
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Diversity in Film & Media
LusofonaX:
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Diversity in Film & Media