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<p dir="ltr">In the last sections we talked about women behind the camera or in film production. Well, what about the women in front of the camera? Which roles are attributed to them?</p>
<p dir="ltr">For this chapter we have examined the representation of women in films and their on-screen character in more detail. Therefore we used this tool:</p>
<p dir="ltr">The Bechdel test</p>
<p dir="ltr">After completing this chapter, you should be able to:</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Know about the origin of the Bechdel test</li>
<li>Use it as a tool to identify stereotypes of women in movies</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p dir="ltr">The US-American cartoonist and author Alison Bechdel published in 1985 a test for the examination of women's roles in her comic <em>Dykes to Watch Out For</em>. It is not a scientific test, but can be used to perceive and measure the stereotyping of female characters in movies.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The test scrutinises if two named female characters talk to each other about anything other than a man.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The Bechdel test includes 3 rules:</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 60px;">1. A movie has to have at least two (named) female characters;</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 60px;">2. who talk to each other …</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 60px;">3. about something besides a man.</p>
<p>The video “The Bechdel Test - Everything You Need To Know “ gives you an insight about the origin and outreach of the Bechdel test</p>
<p></p>
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<p dir="ltr">Choose 3 movies you have seen this year and do the Bechdel test. Evaluate the movies using the three criteria:</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 60px;">(1) it has to have at least two women in it</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 60px;">(2) who talk to each other, about </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 60px;">(3) something besides a man.</p>
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<p>After finishing your Bechdel test explore the “<a href="https://bechdeltest.com/" target="_blank">Bechdel test movie list</a>” (<a href="https://bechdeltest.com/" target="_blank">https://bechdeltest.com/</a>). Could you identify your chosen movies?</p>
<p>We are interested to poll your answer. Tell us if your chosen movies passed the test.</p>
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<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><strong>Thank you for your answers!</strong></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="docs-internal-guid-7e72135c-7fff-d9d6-80d8-4d43f8525d80">For deepening and critical thinking:<br /><br />They are different ways of looking at or dealing with the same tool. Even the Bechdel test has two sides of the same coin. As mentioned above, the Bechdel test is not a valid empirical research method. However, it can be used to identify stereotypes. We also have to deal with the controversy about this test. There is criticism about the lack of reliability of the test, e.g. a film with only one female character would not pass the test.<br /><br />At the end of this chapter, have a look at the article “<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2016/aug/20/why-the-bechdel-test-doesnt-always-work" target="_blank">Why the Bechdel test doesn’t (always) work</a>” (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2016/aug/20/why-the-bechdel-test-doesnt-always-work" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2016/aug/20/why-the-bechdel-test-doesnt-always-work</a>) by Samantha Elli</p>
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<p><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/eFed3uTB7-WJPDX5cn5lFFS_pz_8CrzJYQ9giO5sOpKXR4658qr-5uWIGiBuLxWYqfX2Sw1o2F0MDqFXV0tFxKxB37Fo9LnzzG5yNEPwNQzTmJWcogE8tGXM03nO4SuZSQi0KqLUUdje0qI" alt="Chart
Description automatically generated" width="555" height="498" /></p>
<p>Source: <a href="https://www.overthinkingit.com/2010/10/11/female-character-flowchart/" target="_blank">https://www.overthinkingit.com/2010/10/11/female-character-flowchart/</a></p>
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