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<p>Including diverse news sources in your media diet is a good strategy to be informed by different perspectives, understand complex realities beyond “bite size news”, and enrich your point of views. It can also counter the information bubbles built in social media platforms and help focus the resource of attention on those who normally do not get it.</p>
<p>Learning how to spot these news sources can also give you important tools for your own work, be it documentary, non-fiction or fictional projects. Maybe you are looking for inspiration for your next story, want to write about life stories of people whose identities you are not familiar with or want to influence how the attention you already command as a creator can help others.</p>
<p>First off: there are different ways journalists, media companies or scholars from different parts of the world name journalism that takes into account diversity issues, both in its reporting and internal structures. The following terms have mostly been outsourced from gender and diversity movements coming from Latin America and the United States of America, some translated from Spanish.</p>
<p>In the following part of this module, we will go through some concepts and frameworks that aim at conceptualizing and framing how news media can include diversity within its structures and content, some of these frameworks work under similar principles, but with slight differences in points of view or names. <br /><br /></p>
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<blockquote>
<p>“As a tool to analyze society, gender perspective allows to detect situations of discrimination against women (…) by asking</p>
<p>Are there differentiated effects based on gender of a single event or situation?</p>
<p>Can we identify power dynamics between genders that are generally favorable to cis straight men and discriminatory towards women?”</p>
</blockquote>
<p>It detects multiple ways in how the lives of people, and women in particular, are affected in different ways because of the social construction of their gender.</p>
<p><em>Source: Trujillo, Silvia, Cuestión de enfoques ¿cómo reflejar la complejidad? In Dónde poner la luz: cómo contamos la sociedad desde el periodismo. International Women’s Media Foundation <a href="https://www.iwmf.org/guia-1-enfoques-periodisticos/" target="_blank">https://www.iwmf.org/guia-1-enfoques-periodisticos/</a> P.8. Own translation</em></p>
<p>Note: As some journalists who work with this perspective also work with an intersectional approach, sometimes this term and "journalism with a diversity perspective" are used interchangeably.</p>
<p>For a more broad definition of gender perspective that can be applied to all industries, areas of knowledge and praxis:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>"The gender perspective focuses particularly on gender-based differences in status and power, and considers how such discrimination shapes the immediate needs, as well as the long-term interests, of women and men."</p>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<p style="margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;"><em>Source: Gender perspective (2016) European Institute for Gender Equality. Available at: <a href="https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1197" target="_blank">https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1197 </a>(Accessed: February 22, 2023). </em></p>
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<p>Journalism with a diversity perspective expands the tools given by the framework of journalism with a gender perspective to encompass other groups.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>“Gender perspective can also be adapted and applied to situations or discriminatory contexts towards other groups, such as LGBTQI people or people with disabilities.</p>
<p>How do differentiated effects of a single event apply to LGBTQI, people with disability or ethnic groups?</p>
<p>Can we identify power relations that interact with these identities?</p>
<p>The concept of intersectionality enables creating concrete categories that allow to identify and confront discrimination and inequality on multiple levels.</p>
<p>Inclusive journalism involves diverse peoples, opinions, beliefs, and languages without distinctions or discrimination.”</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em>Source: Trujillo, Silvia, Cuestión de enfoques ¿cómo reflejar la complejidad? In Dónde poner la luz: cómo contamos la sociedad desde el periodismo. International Women’s Media Foundation <a href="https://www.iwmf.org/guia-1-enfoques-periodisticos/" target="[object Object]">https://www.iwmf.org/guia-1-enfoques-periodisticos/</a>.</em><br /><br /></p>
<p>A more general definition of diversity is:</p>
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<p>"Differences in the values, attitudes, cultural perspective, beliefs, ethnic background, sexual orientation, gender identity, skills, knowledge and life experiences of each individual in any group of people."</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em>Source: Diversity (2016) European Institute for Gender Equality. Available at: <a href="https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1085" target="[object Object]">https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1085</a> (Accessed: February 22, 2023).</em></p>
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<p>In addition to working with a gender and/or diversity perspective, feminist journalism implies a political, theoretical and ethical approach to journalism. According to Alcaraz (2019) from LATFEM, feminist journalism:</p>
<ul>
<li>acknowledges its own political character</li>
<li>includes action to transform</li>
<li>explicitly recognizes the positions from where it comes from and its own partiality (situated knowledge)</li>
<li>works in alliances and networks</li>
<li>self-reflects on its inner power structures</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Source: Alcaraz, F. (2019) De la perspectiva de género al periodismo feminista: la identidad como manifiesto. LATFEM. Accessed on 09/12/22 through: <a href="https://latfem.org/de-la-perspectiva-de-genero-al-periodismo-feminista-la-identidad-como-manifiesto/" target="[object Object]">https://latfem.org/de-la-perspectiva-de-genero-al-periodismo-feminista-la-identidad-como-manifiesto/</a></em> <br /><br /></p>
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<p>Now let’s go through how these different perspectives can materialize on a news story you come across. Knowing these best practices will allow you to critically reflect on the news you consume:</p>
<p><img src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/1a6143d91c5705af97f2d646fe53ad23/asset-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@asset+block/Media_Litercy_Module___1_.png" alt="The piece includes sources: 1. from different personal backgrounds that represent the make up of current society; 2. with different expertise; 3. with different lived experiences; 4. that include multiple and diverse perspectives; 5. highlight people coming from underrepresented communities;" width="480" height="480" /></p>
<p><img src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/5d46af3b57ee83a2e5cd094b53dfe3ac/asset-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@asset+block/Media_Litercy_Module___2_.png" alt="When representing a community or subject: 1. the profile of the source is representative of the larger community they belong to; 2. the person is interviewed not only because they fill one aspect of that community or the issue being discussed e.g. a woman just because she is a woman); 3. the profile of the source helps explain the content of the story and the context of the subject being discussed." width="480" height="480" /></p>
<p><img src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/31874c0a5c74505960636b3f1922ed7d/asset-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@asset+block/Media_Litercy_Module___3_.png" alt="The treatment of the sources in the piece: 1. a person's identity(ies) (sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, etc.) is only revealed when strictly necessary for the content; 2. the sources were asked how they would like to be identified as; 3. the person, especially victims, were not cornered into telling their stories." width="480" height="480" /></p>
<p><img src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/88ee094d5ed3332a47f8252137afd8e6/asset-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@asset+block/Media_Literacy_Module_4.png" alt="The focus of the piece: 1. highlights issues from underrepresented communities (women, LGBTQI+, ethnic groups, migrants, etc.); 2. voices that are not normally in the news are given space; 3. consciously places them on the media agenda, 4. focus on systems, rather than isolated instances; 5. don't cover only the maximum expression of one issue: e.g. not only focus on femicides, but also on other aspects of gender violence and discrimination; 6. reflects on what other issues are intersecting with the one you are looking at? Race, class, LGBTQIA+, etc.; 7. the piece uses inclusive language" width="480" height="480" /></p>
<p><img src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/987f9d638dedcec0b0aa30e6e90a5ce5/asset-v1:LusofonaX+DFM+00+type@asset+block/Media_Literacy_Module_5.png" alt="Intersectional and gender perspective: 1. it reflects on how the issue at hand connects with other issues, such as gender, race, class, etc.; 2. it takes into account how a specific situation or phenomena has differentiated effects based on gender, race, sexual orientation or class.; 3. it pinpoints imbalances in power based on gender, race, class or others." width="480" height="480" /></p>
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<p>Read the introduction of the article “‘I’m No Longer Afraid’: 35 Women Tell Their Stories About Being Assaulted by Bill Cosby, and the Culture That Wouldn’t Listen”. Please be advised that this article contains descriptions of sexual abuse which may be disturbing to some people:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.thecut.com/2015/07/bill-cosbys-accusers-speak-out.html" target="_blank">https://www.thecut.com/2015/07/bill-cosbys-accusers-speak-out.html </a></p>
<p></p>
<p>In a small text (4-5 paragraphs) in your learning journal answer the following questions about this reading:</p>
<ul>
<li>Does the piece reflect on structural issues of sexual violence reflected on the protagonists’ stories and if so which ones can you name?</li>
<li>Are power dynamics and how they impact the issue reflected on, and if so which ones do you recognize?</li>
<li>How are the victims represented visually?</li>
<li>How does this visual representation aid in treating the victims beyond the act of violence they suffered?</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
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<p>Read the introduction of the article “Muslim Candidates in the 2022 Midterms Won a Record Number of Seats” and answer the following questions in your learning journal:<br /><br /><a href="https://studio.edunext.co/container/%20https://www.teenvogue.com/story/muslim-candidates-2022-midterms" target="_blank">https://www.teenvogue.com/story/muslim-candidates-2022-midterms </a></p>
<p>[Estimated reading time 10 min]<br /><br /></p>
<p>Write a small reflection (3-4 paragraphs) based on this reading, using the following questions as a guide:</p>
<ul>
<li>Which communities are reflected in the article? Do they belong to underrepresented communities?</li>
<li>Which identities intersect in the individuals represented?</li>
<li>Is there a variety of lived experiences and expertise in the sources named in the article?</li>
</ul>
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